Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the regenerative effects of dexamethasone and tacrolimus in improving PERIPHERAL NERVE LESIONS in mice. 25 adult male mice were prepared. The rats were divided into 5 groups: sham (without therapeutic intervention), control (injection of distilled water daily until the 28th day after surgery), experiment one (2 mg/kg), experiment two (5 mg/kg tacrolimus), experiment three (2 mg/kg dexamethasone and 5 mg/kg tacrolimus) were divided before the surgery. The rats were evaluated in terms of movement, and the way of walking was evaluated by placing the foot on the paint and walking on the white paper. The use of dexamethasone and tacrolimus significantly decreased the amount of leukocytes. The lowest rate of axonal degeneration was related to the tacrolimus, dexamethasone and tacrolimus + dexamethasone groups, which did not have a significant difference with each other and all caused a significant decrease in axonal degeneration. The lowest SFI was related to dexamethasone group and tacrolimus and dexamethasone group. On the 14th day, the lowest amount of SFI was related to tacrolimus and dexamethasone group. The lowest amount of SFI on day 21 was related to group 4, followed by dexamethasone and tacrolimus groups, which did not differ significantly from each other. The lowest amount of SFI on day 28 was related to sham, 4, dexamethasone and tacrolimus groups. In general, the results of this study showed that the use of the used medicinal combination led to the improvement of PERIPHERAL NERVE LESIONS.

Introduction & Objective: Schwannoma, a benign tumor of NERVE sheath origin, is commonly found in the head and neck, as well as flexor surfaces of the extremities.It can rarely occur in the breast and stomach with only a few cases being reported. Case Reports: The cases are: 1) a 57-year- old man with breast mass, 2) a 58 - year -old man with gastrointestinal complaints who were finally diagnosed as PERIPHERAL NERVE schwannomas.Conclusion: Clinical suspicion and histopathological confirmation are the keys to schwannomas diagnosis. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for such patients.

Background: At the forearm level, Martin-Gruber anastomosis is described as the most common anatomic variation. Early recognition of this anastomosis in patients with PERIPHERAL NERVE LESIONS and preserved function of the hand musculature lowers the rate of misdiagnosis and prevents unnecessary treatment approaches. We aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Martin-Gruber anastomosis in a Mexican cohort and discuss its impact on clinical diagnostics and approach. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional dissection study on 40 inert anatomical models at the National Forensic Sciences Institute in Mexico City. Each model was dissected to trace and measure Martin-Gruber anastomoses from the median NERVE to the ulnar NERVE. Measurements were recorded using a digital Vernier caliper, and the presence of anastomosis, its length, NERVE of origin, and side were analyzed. Chi-square tests evaluated the association between the presence of anastomoses and sex, and NERVE origin and arm side. Results: Martin-Gruber anastomosis was found in 47.5% of the specimens, with bilateral anastomoses in 11 and unilateral in eight. The majority of anastomoses (62.5%) originated from the left arm. There was no significant association between the presence of anastomosis and sex (P=0.093) or between the NERVE origin and arm side (P=0.809). Conclusion: The high prevalence of Martin-Gruber anastomosis in this study highlights its clinical importance, particularly in preventing misdiagnoses of ulnar NERVE injuries and unnecessary surgical interventions. Anatomical variations like Martin-Gruber anastomosis should be considered in clinical assessments of PERIPHERAL NERVE injuries to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.

PERIPHERAL NERVE injuries (PNI) can lead to lifetime loss of function and disfigurement. Different methods such as conventional allograft procedures and using of biological tubes have problems for damaged PERIPHERAL NERVEs reconstruction. Designed scaffolds with natural and synthetic materials are now widely used in the reconstruction of damaged tissues. Utilization of absorbable and non-absorbable synthetic and natural polymers with unique characteristics can be an appropriate solution to repair damaged NERVE tissues.Polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds with properties similar to neural structure can be more effective in the reconstruction process. Better cell adhesion and migration, more guiding of axons and structural features such as porosity provide clearer role of nanofibers for the restoration of neural tissues. In this paper, basic concepts of PERIPHERAL NERVE injury, types of artificial and natural guides and the methods to improve the performance of tubes like orientation, nanotechnology applications for NERVE reconstruction, fiber and nanofibers, electrospinning methods and their application in the PERIPHERAL NERVE reconstruction have been reviewed.

Hemangiomas of the median NERVE are extremely rare; only 12 cases have been reported in the literature. We discuss a patient who presented with paresthesia and pain along the distribution of the left median NERVE secondary to a cavernoma of the proximal part of the NERVE as suspected on MRI scan. Total removal of the mass was achieved with immediate relief of the symptoms and no neurologic deficit. We conclude that despite being quite rare, the diagnosis of occult vascular LESIONS of PERIPHERAL NERVEs such as the median NERVE, should be considered, especially when other common pathologies are excluded.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a grave ocular disease which is caused secondary to the presence of a retinal break or hole and fluid current through them into the subretinal space. There are multiple PERIPHERAL retinal LESIONS predisposing thinner PERIPHERAL retina to creation of a break. Closing these breaks and holes by creating a chorioretinal adhesion is a logic treatment. Laser photocoagulation is the most convenient and widely used method to make a firm adhesion between retina and underlying choroid. Considering the wide variety of the retinal LESIONS and the unique potential of each lesion to advance toward retinal detachment, prophylactic treatment of PERIPHERAL retinal LESIONS with laser should be restricted only to the evidence based indications. In this brief review different predisposing lesion and studies encouraging their treatment will be discussed.

Combination of taxane-platinum therapy is the first line chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. PERIPHERAL sensory motor neuropathy is a well-defined side-effect of taxane therapy. We want to present a case of reversible paclitaxel induced unilateral PERIPHERAL facial NERVE pulsy.